洪武、永乐朝的政治生态及对士大夫的影响

Political Ecology in Hongwu and Yongle Periods and its Influence on Officialdom

有明一代,士大夫面临的政治生态环境颇为严酷。明初洪武、永乐两朝的政治制度改革和对待士大夫的方式方法强烈地打击了士大夫参政的意愿。朱元璋废除宰相制度、朱棣杀害方孝孺等可作为明代统治者对待士大夫态度恶劣的象征性事件。与之相应,明初士大夫的心态也由宋代的心怀天下,转为独善其身,甚至避免出仕。

Officialdom faces harsh political ecology in the Ming Dynasty. In the Hongwu and Yongle Periods, the reform of the political system and the harsh way the two emperors treat the officialdom strongly struck their will to devote themselves to politics. The abrogation of the prime minister system and the cruel killing of Fang Xiaoru are two symbolic events. Accordingly, the mentality of the officialdom in the early Ming Dynasty transforms from concerning themselves with the world to paying attention to their own moral uplift without thinking of others and even shunning officialdom.