山东省银杏种质资源评述

A review of Ginkgo biloba L.germplasm resources in Shandong province

山东银杏资源丰富。笔者实测和统计山东古银杏6316株,分布在15个市,75个县（市、区）,主要分布在黄河以南的鲁中南山地丘陵区及胶东丘陵区；树高平均19.4m,树龄平均620年,胸径平均1.13m,冠径集中在10～30m之间；有典型的古银杏群落8处,集中分布在郯城县、兰山区和海阳市等地。山东核用银杏品种有10个,单果重和单核重最大的为‘魁铃’,出核率最高的为‘新宇’,达29.00%；出仁率最高的为‘团峰’,达81.95%；核用银杏的优株或优系有15个,单果重最大为郯城大马铃,达17.00g；单核重最大的为老和尚头,达3.50g；出核率最大的为泰山佛手,达31.10%；出仁率最大的为郯城大马铃,达81.00%。叶用银杏品种有18个,黄酮甙含量最高的是‘黄酮F-1号’,黄酮甙质量分数达2.96%；萜内酯含量最高的是内酯T-5号,萜内酯质量分数为0.4058。山东有16个适合银杏材用优良无性系,有观赏银杏品种11个,15个雄株银杏的优株或优系,有引进的观赏品种14个和4个核用品种。

The Ginkgo biloba L.resource in Shandong is plentiful.Through actual measurements and statistics,the result showed that there were 6316ancient Ginkgo biloba L.trees distributed in 15cities,75couties（county-level cities,district）which were mainly distributed in central south mountain-hills and jiaodong hills of Shandong.The hight of ancient ginkgoes was 19.4meters,the mean age was 620years,the mean DBH was 1.13meters and the crown diameters were mainly between10-30meters.There were 8typical ancient ginkgo trees groups which were mainly distributed in Tancheng County,Lanshan District and Haiyang City.There were 10cultivated varieties of Ginkgo biloba L.used for seeds.The per seed weight and per kernel weight of‘Kuiling’were maximum amoung 10cultivated varieties while the nucleation rate of‘Xinyu’was 29.00%which was the maximum.The kernel rate of‘Tuanfeng’was 81.95% which was the maximum.The per seed weight of Tancheng big maling was 17.00g which was the maximum of 15plus trees and major cliques of Ginkgo biloba L.used for seeds.The per kernel weight of Old monk head was 3.50g which was the maximum.The nucleation rate of Taishan citrus chirocarpus was 31.00% which was the maximum.The kernel rate of Tancheng big maling was 81.00% which was the maximum.There were 18cultivated varieties of Ginkgo biloba L.used for leaves.The content of flavonoid glycoside of‘flavonoid glycoside F-1＇was 2.96% which was the maximum of the 18cultivated varieties of Ginkgo biloba L.used for leaves while The content of terpene lactones of‘terpene lactones F-5＇was 0.4058which was the maximum of the 18cultivated varieties of Ginkgo biloba L.used for leaves.Also there were 16superior clones of Ginkgo biloba L.used for wood,11cultivated varieties of Ginkgo biloba L.used for view and 15plus trees and major cliques of male Ginkgo biloba L.in Shandong province.In addition,14cultivated varieties of Ginkgo biloba L.used for view and 4cultivated varieties of Ginkgo biloba L.used for seeds had been introduced from other countries.