对英国工业革命时期纺织机械发明传统观点的再解读

A New Study on Traditional View on Textile Machinery Invention During the Period of British Industrial Revolution

对于英国工业革命时期的纺织机械发明,国内外历史学界、技术史学界、纺织学界有诸多错误和误解,造成一些谬误一再流传。基于对飞梭、珍妮纺纱机、水力纺纱机、水力织布机的文献、图片、视频的调查和鉴别,研究认为:飞梭装置具有投纬、打纬的二合一特性,并且详细阐明其操作过程;珍妮纺纱机是纺纱技术史上的一次"退化",但却是工业史上的一次革命,虽然它提高了纺纱速度却没有提高纺纱质量,最终只能昙花一现;水力纺纱机的图像信息和1785年水力织布机专利的图像信息都与其相关表述存在着矛盾之处。通过研究,试图对这些文字和图像信息进行系统梳理,以期真实展现这段技术史的本源。

Many scholars on history,technology history and textile history in China and foreign countries have many mistakes and misunderstandings of textile machinery invention. Thus,some fallacies spread repeatedly. Based on investigation and identification of literatures,pictures and videos related to flying shuttle,spinning Jenny,the water spinning frame and water loom,this study holds that the flying shuttle has two-in-one characteristics of weft insertion and beating-up and explains its operating process in detail. Spinning Jenny is the degraded product of spinning technology,but it is a revolution in the industrial history. Although it improved spinning speed,it failed to boost spinning quality. Thus,it was a flash in the pan finally. The image information of the water spinning frame and the image information of water loom in 1785 contradict with their relevant statements. This paper tries to systematically organize these texts and image information so as to really display the technological history.