以社区为基础的老年人跌倒预防运动干预效果评估

Evaluation of the Community-based exercise intervention on fall among the elderly

目的评估以社区为基础的老年人跌倒预防的运动干预效果,为发展更有效的老年人跌倒干预模式提供线索。方法研究设计为干预前后自身比较研究,分别在干预前和干预后收集有关老年人跌倒发生情况和运动情况等信息,通过卡方检验和非参数K-S检验比较干预前后差异,进而评估干预措施的效果。结果干预后,71～80岁组老年人的跌倒发生率从6.8%下降到3.4%；80岁以上老年人跌倒发生率从9.3%下降到5.8%。能够规律锻炼的老年人所占比例较干预前增加,老年人对运动的看法及运动自我效能得分较干预前均增高。结论以社区为基础的老年人跌倒运动干预在预防老年人跌倒方面起到了一定的效果,降低了老年人跌倒的发生率,改善了老年人运动行为和相关信念,是行之有效的干预模式。

Objective To evaluate the effect of community-based exercise intervention on fall prevention among the elderly and provide clues for the development of more effective intervention model on fall prevention among the elderly. Methods Collecting information about the elderly fall occurrence,excercise,etc,before and after the intervention respectively,comparing the difference between them through chi-square test and the parameter K-S test and then evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention measures.Results After intervention,fall incidence decreased from 6. 8% to 3. 4% among 71 ～ 80 years old people and those two data were9. 3% and 5. 8% among Over 80 years old people. The percentage of people who excercised regularly increased for some extent and exercise self-efficacy scores of the elderly increased also. Conclusion The community-based excercise intervention measures not only reduce the incidence of fall among the elderly,but also improve the excercise behaviors and beliefs of the elderly. Thus it is an effective intervention model that deserves to be further developed and researched.