先秦齐地古国变迁与分布述论——兼及齐国疆域问题

A Discussion of the Change and Distribution of the Ancient States in Qi Region in Pre-Qin Period

齐国开基肇始,版图狭小,经历代开拓,至战国时期湣王灭宋后,齐国疆域遂臻于极盛。在此齐国疆域最大时期的地域范围内,自夏以来的不同历史阶段,皆曾有诸多古国存在。这些古国的居民皆为东夷土著,而有国者族属不同、姓氏各异,炎帝后裔之姜姓及东夷姜姓、嬴姓居多,后有周族姬姓,间有舜后妫姓及黄帝之后任姓等先圣后裔。随着夷夏族群关系的变化,这些古国的分布格局呈现出一定特点;此等古国最终都成为齐国的一部分,而各古国之文化因素则随之逐渐汇集融合,终成日后特色鲜明之齐文化。

At the beginning of the Qi foundation,its territory was small and narrow.Through the efforts of several generations,Qi gradually expanded outward later and reached its peak after King Min defeated Song during the Warring States period.In the various historical stages since the Xia dynasty,there were many ancient states within Qi＇s territory.People of these states were all Dongyi indigenous inhabitants,but their ruling families and surnames were different.The majority of them were people surnamed Jiang as the descendants of Yan Emperor or Dong Yi and the people surnamed Ying of Dong Yi.Then people surnamed Ji of Zhou clan came,as well as the people surnamed Gui as the descendants of Shun Emperor and People surnamed Ren as the descendants of the Yellow Emperor.With the change of the ethnic relationship between Dong Yi and Hua Xia,the distribution pattern of these ancient states showed some characteristics;the states eventually became a part of Qi,and the ancient culture factors gradually gathered and blended,finally evolving into the Qi culture with distinctive characteristics.