乙二醛用于加固饱水漆木器的研究

Studies on the Use of Glyoxal in Consolidating Waterlogged Lacquerware

在阐述饱水文物一般脱水方法的基础上 ,着重介绍乙二醛经浓缩处理后作为填充加固剂的应用实例 ,操作步骤 ,注意事项等等。其中用乙二醛加固的二件饱水木块 (含水率为 70 0 % )在长度、高度、宽度三个方向的收缩率分别为 1 .0 9%～ 1 .54%、0 .0 8%～ 0 .42 %、0 .39%～ 0 .41 % ,列举了用乙二醛对一件汉代漆器和四件木胎战国剑鞘的处理效果。此外 ,还运用红外光谱和质谱法测定了试剂乙二醛和加固液的结构 ,详细讨论了乙二酯在试剂和加固液中官能团的存在形式和聚合状态的细微变化 ,指出在二种溶液中并不存在醛基 ,乙二醛仅以水合物的形式存在并讨论了乙二醛与饱水古木的作用机理 ,提出用醇溶液能有效控制乙二醛使用中易返酸等问题。

The use of a new bulking solution made of glyoxal to treat waterlogged ancient matters and the steps of operation are described. There are several living examples in this paper. Particularly, before and after treatment two waterlogged woods (water content is 700%) have the size change from 1.09% to 1.54% in length, from 0.08% to 0.42% in hight and from 0.39% to 0.41% in width, photos of one Chinese lacquerwares (Han Dynasty BC206-AD220) and 4 sheaths made of wood (Warring States) are cited to show the effect of treatment by using this bulking solution. In this paper, the glyoxal structure both in reagent and in bulking solution were detected by infrared spectro and mass spectra, the result shows that there is no aldehyde group but only hydrate existing in both solutions. Besides, the mechanism of the action between glyoxal and waterlogged wood is discussed and some problems like how to prevent the bulking solution from acidification are also mentioned.