中国文化心理学研究中如何化解艾氏紧箍咒

How to Break Ebbinghaus's Yoke in Cultural Psychology of China

艾宾浩斯声称:"心理学有一长期的过去,但仅有一短期的历史。"此语经波林改造后,其含义变为:心理学思想有一长期的过去,但(科学)心理学仅有一短期的历史。它成为研究中国文化心理学的一个紧箍咒。为了化解它,一种常见却欠妥的做法是:继承波林的理念,主张中国古代有丰富的心理学思想,却没有心理学。正确的化解方式是,先树立大科学观与大心理学观,再区分"科学"与"学科"的概念,便可得出一个新结论:作为一门科学,心理学有一个漫长的过去;作为一门独立学科,或当心理学仅指实验心理学时,心理学只有一个短暂历史。在此理念指导下,不但能为中国心理学的未来发展开拓出崭新天空,还能让中国心理学界重建自觉关注中国本土心理学思想的新传统。

Ebbinghaus claims that 'psychology has a long past,but only a short history.' Boring's interpretation may be more appropriate that 'psychological thought has a long past,but scientific psychology has a short history.' This quote has become a yoke for cultural psychology of China. To break the yoke,some Chinese psychological researchers would accept Boring's idea and suggest that varieties of psychological thought instead of the concept of psychology existed in ancient China. Nevertheless,this approach is not appropriate. A better approach is that a broader perspective on psychology should be adopted before differentiating the concept of science from that of discipline. It can be inferred that as a branch of science,psychology has a long past; but as an independent discipline,especially when referring to experimental psychology,it has a short history. This notion may not only open up new domains for future cultural psychology of China,but also re-affirm the tradition of valuing China's indigenous psychological thought.