铁皮石斛害虫独角仙的生物学特性及防治技术研究

Biological characteristics and control techniques of Allomyrina dichotoma Linnaeus on Dendrobium candidum

独角仙是铁皮石斛上新出现的一种重要害虫。在用药技术研究的基础上,综合作物栽培特点、生境等因素,对其生物学特性进行了研究,总结出高效安全的防治技术。独角仙在浙江省杭州地区年发生一代,成虫于6至8月发生,幼虫共3龄,其中三龄幼虫危害最大,历期最长,约为265～290 d。独角仙成虫昼伏夜出,具趋光性、喜湿性、趋化性。田间防治试验及农药残留分析结果表明,1%联苯菊酯·噻虫胺颗粒剂防效90.7%,但其有效成分噻虫胺药后14 d残留量仍超过欧盟MRL值,建议延长安全间隔期;0.4%氯虫苯甲酰胺颗粒剂防治效果次之,农药残留极低;其余生物防治、农业防治等处理有一定作用。对于铁皮石斛独角仙的防治,建议采用综合防治的方法控制其为害。

In order to control the damage of Allomyrina dichotoma Linnaeus newly found on Dendrobium candidum,we studied the pest＇s biological characteristics,regularity of outbreak and damage features. Based on the field efficacy trials,the best chemical control agents were selected. And combined with other control measures,a set of effective integrated control measures were summed up. A. dichotoma has only one generation a year,whose adults occurred from June to August and larvae had three instars in Hangzhou area. The third instar of larvae did the most damage and had the longest developmental duration for about 265-290 days. Adults are nocturnal and also have phototaxis,hygrophilous and chemotaxis. Bifenthrin·clothianidin granula had the best control efficacy of 90. 7%,then followed by 0. 4% chlorantraniliprole granula,and other biological and agricultural control methods showed a limited effect. Results of field efficacy trials and pesticide residue analysis showed that the pesticide residue of chlorantraniliprole granula was very low and safe enough for use,while that of bifenthrin·clothianidin granula was beyond EU MRLs even after 14 d,therefore the latter was suggested to be prolonged its chemical safety interval period. It is important to take integrated measures to control A. dichotoma.