滨海盐碱地白蜡人工林的小气候效应

Microclimate effects of Fraxinus chinensis plantations on coastal saline-alkali soil

以滨海盐碱地白蜡人工林为研究对象,以旷野裸地为对照,采用定位观测的方法,研究白蜡人工林的动力、热力和水文等小气候效应,以期为滨海盐碱地人工造林的生态影响评价提供参考.结果表明：林内太阳辐射、风速、土壤温度、土壤湿度明显低于旷野;空气相对湿度林内显著高于旷野;而林内空气温度春季高于旷野,夏秋季则低于旷野.林带防风效应和遮荫效应在夏季发挥最好,分别可达77.87％和67.50％,气温最高可降低0.40℃,空气相对湿度可增加7.59％ ～ 18.61％.林内不同小气候因子间极显著相关,且气温和土温的相关性最好.

On the basis of located observation,we chose Fraxinus chinensis plantations as research objects,and bare land as control,on coastal saline-alkali soil as microclimate monitoring site.We studied dynamic,thermal,and hydrological effects of F.chinensis plantations,so as to provide some reference for ecological impact assessment of artificial afforestation on coastal saline-alkali soil.The results showed as follows.The solar radiation,wind speed,soil temperature and soil moisture in the plantations were obviously lower than that on bare land,while the air humidity was higher.Compared with the bare land,the air temperature in plantations was higher in spring,but lower in summer and autumn.The windbreak effect and shade effect reached 77.87％ and 67.5％,respectively,in summer.Compared with bare land,the air temperature in plantations decreased by as much as 0.40 ℃,but the air humidity increased by 7.59％-18.61％.There was a very significant correlation between any two of different microclimate factors within the forest,especially the correlation between air temperature and soil temperature.