席勒的戏剧美学思想——从喜剧理论和喜剧美学理论谈起

On Schiller's Aesthetics of Drama——His Theory of Comedy

席勒一生没有写过一部喜剧作品,也没有一篇喜剧专论论文。他有限的关于喜剧的论述和阐发,却形成了西方美学史和文艺理论史上最为独特的喜剧理论和喜剧美学理论。席勒认为,从戏剧的题材和对象上来看,悲剧应该高于喜剧;然而,从戏剧的表现自由来看,喜剧应该高于悲剧。喜剧是美的心灵的表现,喜剧可以使人保持心灵的自由,喜剧使人趋向更高的目的。喜剧的目的一旦达到,就可以使得一切悲剧成为多余。席勒的喜剧理论和喜剧美学理论结束了古典形态的贬抑喜剧性和喜剧艺术的喜剧理论,让喜剧性和喜剧艺术得到了应有的地位、崇高的目的和伟大的功能。

Throughout his life Schiller never wrote a comedy or an essay specifically on comedy. His limited discussion of comedy,however, formed the most unique theories of comedy and comedy aesthetics in the history of Western Aesthetics and literary theory.Schiller thinks tragedy ranks higher than comedy in terms of dramatic subject and objectives, but seen from the freedom of representation comedy should be superior to tragedy. Comedy represents the beautiful mind, and helps maintain the freedom of soul, but the comedian pursues an even higher purpose, which, once achieved, will make all tragedies become redundant. Schiller's theories of comedy and comedy aesthetics ended the classical comedy theory which degrades comedy and comedy art, and returned comedy to its due position, sublime purpose and great function.