柔道投技中一本背负投技术的三维运动学分析

The Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis of Ippon Seoinage of Nage Waza in Judo

近几年来我国柔道运动员的柔道投技水平有了很大的提高,但同世界先进水平相比还有一定差距,主要表现在教练员对技术特点认识不够深入、运动员对技术核心要领的掌握不够以及运动员专项力量的不足上。本研究以北京体育大学竞技体校8名优秀柔道运动员为研究对象,采用运动学录像解析的方法并结合运动解剖学的基本理论对运动员背负投技术进行了量化分析和评价,研究和剖析背负投技术动作的运动原理和动作结构特征。得出以下结论:(1)右腿上步、左腿背步、下蹲、倒地4个阶段是一本背负投动作技术的主要阶段。影响完成整个动作过程时间的因素主要是肌肉爆发力,其次是运动员的技术。(2)一本背负投技术具有重心低,稳定性好,速度快、突然性高、不易失分和被反攻的特点,依靠上肢的提拉、躯体的转动和下肢的蹬伸协同配合的复合运动。(3)在完成一本背负投技术过程中肢体转动的幅度和速度是影响技术效果的重要因素。

The Research focuses on 8 judoists in Competitive Sports School,Beijing Sport University,using Kinematic analysis in conjunction with the basic theory of sports anatomy,carrying a quantitative analysis and evaluation to their ippon seoinage technique,and does research and analysis on the principles and movement structural features of Ippon Seoinage technique.According to the research,we get these conclusions：（1）The main factors affect the completion time of the whole action is muscle explosive force,followed by the athlete＇s technology.（2） Ippon seoinage technique has a low center of gravity,good stability,fast speed,high,is not easy to lose suddenly and counterattack,composite movement depends on upper limb lifting,body rotation and leg kicking coordination.（3） In the complete ippon seoinage technique process of limb rotation amplitude and speed are the important factors to influence the technical effect.