变叶海棠种子特性及萌发条件的探讨

Investigation on Seed Characteristics and Germination Conditions of Malus toringoide

以生长在川西甘孜州炉霍县的变叶海棠[Malus toringoides（Rehd.）Hughes]为研究对象,进行了种子特性及萌发条件的初步研究。结果表明：变叶海棠种子属小粒种子,多呈圆锥形、肾形,种子长（4.330±0.23）mm,宽（1.980±0.18）mm,长宽比为（2.180±0.12）,饱满种子千粒重为6.83 g,生活力较低（75%）。变叶海棠属于休眠种子,在一定范围内,低温层积（3℃-5℃）与赤霉素（GA）浸种处理都能促进变叶海棠种子萌发,其中低温层积时间以15 d效果为最好,种子发芽率达到94.53%,而300 mg·L^-1GA浸种也能使变叶海棠种子萌发率达到82.59%。

In this paper,studies were made of seed characteristics and germination conditions of Malus toringoides collected from Luhuo County in western Sichuan. The results showed that Malus toringoides seeds were small grains,and had a conical or kidney-like shape. The size of seeds was（4. 330 ± 0. 23） mm ×（1.980 ±0. 18） mm,the ratio of length to width was（2.180 ±0.12）,and the thousand-grain weight of full seeds was 6. 83 g,while the viability of seed was low（75%）. In addition,cold stratification or gibberellins（GA） could break dormancy and improve germination within certain limits. Different duration time of cold stratification and concentration of GA had different effects on seed germination. The cold stratification for 15d or soaking seed with GA concentration of 300 mg per litre was at best and their germination rate was 94. 53% and 82. 59%,respectively.