汉语“马”词群的造词理据分析

A Theoretic Analysis of Coinage of Word Groups with Ma

汉语"马"词群是汉语词汇系统中非常丰富的一个词群,对其进行造词理据的分析可以更深入地剖析"马"词群的造词法。在这些造词理据中,单纯词使用的是同源性造词理据和模拟性造词理据;合成词表现出来的是直接性理据、相似性理据和相关性理据;熟语中,成语的造词理据是典故性,惯用语的造词理据是相似性,歇后语的造词理据是相似性,谚语的造词理据是相似性和相关性。

Word groups with ma,or horse in Chinese,form a large family in the Chinese vocabulary and,therefore,a theoretical analysis of it can deepen our understanding of its underlying coinage principles,among which are the following： 1） homology and simulation principles applied to single- morpheme words; 2） directness,similarity and correlation principles applied to compound words; 3） allusion principle applied to idioms; 4） similarity principle applied to usages; 5） similarity principle applied to allegorical sayings; and 6） similarity and correlation principles applied to aphorisms.