“需要层次理论”下老年人机构养老意愿实证分析——以河北省为例

An Empirical Analysis of Institutional Pension Desire of the Elderly People based on the Hierarchy of Needs Theory

我国养老方式呈现多元化发展,机构养老是支撑家庭养老的一种有力途径,在快速老龄化及家庭功能弱化的大趋势下,社会养老服务资源供不应求,如何更好地合理分配与调控养老服务资源至关重要。以河北省三个代表性城市6173个样本的问卷调查结果为基础,在马斯洛"需要层次理论"下从个人、家庭、社会三个层面对老年人机构养老意愿进行实证分析,结果表明,愿意机构养老的主要是一些"弱势群体",如农村、女性、离婚、再婚、日常生活能力下降、低收入、无子女或子女数量少、与子女交流障碍、无医疗、养老保险人群,个体养老需求处于一种不平衡状态且不同阶段、不同人群的养老需求不同,应针对不同老年人需要的差异性提供相应的养老途径。

The pension way of our country presented diversification,Pension institutions is a powerful way to support the family pension. Under the rapidly aging and weakening trend of family function,Social care service resources are in short supply,How to regulate the rational allocation of pension resources is essential. The study based on the results of questionnaire survey,which covered 6173 samples of three representative cities in Hebei Province,Under Maslow＇s ＂ hierarchy of needs theory＂,we conducted the empirical analysis of institutional pension desire of the Elderly People from the perspectives of individual,family and society. The results showed that,The people willing to institutional pension was mainly some ＂ vulnerable groups＂,such as rural women,divorce,remarriage,ADL declined,low income,no children or a small number of children,and barriers of child communication,non-social insurance groups,the pension needs is an unbalanced status,different stages and groups have different needs. We should provide the appropriate way for the different needs of the different people.