采煤塌陷区鱼塘浮游植物群落特征及变动规律

Study on Characteristics and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Flora in Mining Subsidence Fish Ponds

对采煤塌陷区鱼塘浮游植物群落特征及变动规律进行了研究。结果显示：采煤塌陷区鱼塘共检出浮游植物8门69种（属），其中绿藻门（Chloophyta）34种（属），占总种（属）数的49.27％；蓝藻门（Cyanophyta）、裸藻门（Euglenophyta）各10种（属），分别占14.49％；硅藻门（Bacillariophyta）5种（属），占7.25％；隐藻门（Cryptophyta）、甲藻门（Dinophyta）、金藻门（Chrysophyta）各3种，分别占4.35％；黄藻门（Xanthophyta）1种，占1.45％。共出现优势种属15个，蓝藻门的席藻（Phormidi-um）、尖头藻（Raphidiopsis）、蓝纤维藻（Dactylococcopsis）、色球藻（Chroococcus）优势明显；绿藻门的小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）优势明显，卵形衣藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）、四足十字藻（Cruci-genia tetrapedia）、简单衣藻（Chlamydomonas）、波吉卵囊藻（Oocystisborgei）也易形成优势种群；隐藻门的啮蚀隐藻（Cryptomons erosa）、蓝隐藻（Chroomonas），硅藻门的小环藻（Cyclotella）、针杆藻（Synedra）、菱形藻（Nitzschia），金藻门的聚球藻（Synechococcus）皆可形成优势种群。浮游植物丰度7月为3.7218×10^7 ind.·L1，8月为6.65×10^7 ind.·L1，9月为9.6927×10^7 ind.·L1，10月为1.4227×10^7ind.·L1。浮游植物总生物量7月为10.59mg·L -1，8月为24.26mg·L -1，9月为44.9mg·L -1，10月为4.07mg·L -1，各月份浮游植物生物量差异极显著（P≤0.01）。各门藻类月均生物量排序为硅藻门（28.01％）＞裸藻门（22.81％）＞隐藻门（19.38％）＞甲藻门（11.08％）＞蓝藻门（8.75％）＞绿藻门（8.28％）＞金藻门（1.65％）＞黄藻门（0.04％）。浮游植物多样性指数 H′、物种丰富度指数 D、物种均匀度指数 J的变化范围分别为3.11～3.34、3.82～4.53、0.6305～0.7105，3种指数皆以10月份最高。

The characteristics and dynamics of phytoplankton flora in mining subsidence fish ponds were studied.The results showed that a total of 69species(genra)of phytoplankton were identified belonging to 8phyla.They included 34 Chlorophyta species(genus),accounting for 49.27% of the total number of species;10Cyanophyta species(genus)and 10 Euglenophyta species(genus),accounting for 14.49% respectively;5Bacillariophyta species(genus),accounting for 7.25%;3Cryptophyta species(genus),3Dinophyta species(genus),3Chrysophyta species(genus),accounting for 4.35% respectively;1Xanthophyta species(genus),accounting for 1.45%.There were 15 dominant species,including Phormidium,Raphidiopsis,Dactylococcopsis,Chroococcus belonging to Cyanophyta;Chlorella vulgaris belonging to Chloophyta;Platymonas subcordiformis,Crucigenia tetrapedia,Chlamydomonas,Oocystisborgei as well as Cryptomons erosa,Chroomonas belonging to Cryptophyta,Cyclotella,Synedra,Nitzschia belonging to Bacillariophyta,and Synechococcus belonging to Chrysophyta all could form dominant species.The phytoplankton abundance was 3.7218×107ind.·L-1in July,6.65×107 ind.·L-1 in Aug,9.6927×107ind.·L-1 in Sep,1.4227×107ind.·L-1 in Oct.Total biomass of phytoplankton was 10.59mg·L-1,24.26mg·L-1 in Aug,44.9mg·L-1 in Sep,4.07mg·L-1 in Oct,and the biomass was significant different among every month(P≤0.01).The average biomass of each algae sorted by size was Bacillariophyta(28.01%)> Euglenophyta(22.81%)>Cryptophyta(19.38%)> Dinophyta(11.08%)> Cyanophyta(8.75%)> Chloophyta(8.28%)> Chrysophyta(1.65%)> Xanthophyta(0.04%).The range of phytoplankton diversity index H′,species richness index D,species evenness index J was 3.11~3.34、3.82~4.53、0.6305~0.7105 respectively,and three kinds of index were highest in October.