桂林市某设备锻造公司职业病危害现状调查

Investigation on present status of occupational hazards in an equipment forging company of Guilin City

目的了解桂林市某设备锻造公司在生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素,为保护作业人员的身体健康提供依据。方法 2012年对该公司进行现场职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素现场检测及对作业人员健康检查的结果进行分析。结果该公司存在的主要职业病危害因素有生产性粉尘、一氧化碳、二氧化锰、甲醇、苯及苯系物、噪声及高温等。作业环境中生产性粉尘时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)合格率为96.2%,短时间接触浓度(CSTEL)合格率为88.5%;生产性噪声合格率为56.5%,最高的噪声作业点等效声级达93.3 dB(A)。电测听检查结果发现,302名噪声作业人员(噪声组)听力异常率为24.2%,主要出现在高频段听力下降;噪声组中血压升高、心电图异常检出率分别是13.9%、12.3%。而在135人非噪声工种作业人员(非噪声组)中,血压升高、心电图异常检出率分别是5.2%、3.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论该公司职业病危害因素噪声强度偏高,噪声作业人员的身体健康受到一定的影响,应着重加强改善噪声作业环境,预防职业性噪声聋的发生。

[Objective]To investigate occupational hazards in the production process of equipment forging company in Guilin City,and provide a basis to protect the health for workers.[Methods]The field occupational health survey,field detection of occupational hazards were performed in this company in 2012,as well as analysis of health examination results.[Results]The main occupational hazards of the factory included productive dust,carbon monoxide,manganese dioxide,methanol,benzene and benzene series,noise and heat,etc.Field test results showed that the time weighted average concentration（TWA） qualified rate of productive dust was 96.2%,short time exposure concentration（STEL） qualified rate of productive dust was 88.5%;Productive noise qualified rate was 56.5%,and the highest noise equivalent sound level of operating point was 93.3 dB（A）;The results of electro-audiometry found that hearing abnormal rate was 24.2% in 302 workers with noise exposure（noise group）,mainly in the high-frequency hearing loss.In noise group,the rates of elevated blood pressure and abnormal electrocardiogram were 13.9% and 12.3%,respectively.However,in 135 workers without noise exposure（non-noise group）,the rates of elevated blood pressure and abnormal ECG were 5.2% and 3.0%,respectively,with significant difference between the 2 groups（both P 0.01）.[Conclusion]The noise intensity is high in this enterprise,health of workers are affected by noise exposure.It is necessary to improve the working environment with noise exposure,and prevent the occurrence of the occupational noise deafness.