上海市HIV感染者和AIDS患者社会支持情况研究

Study on social support status of HIV /AIDS patients in Shanghai City

目的了解人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)患者(HIV/AIDS)的社会支持状况。方法对新参加静安区爱之家关怀活动的HIV/AIDS人群和部分来自上海市公共卫生临床中心门诊部的136例HIV/AIDS进行调查,采用社会支持评定量表(SSS)和基本信息表进行统一问卷调查,采用SPSS 16.0进行统计分析。结果 HIV/AIDS的总分、主观支持分、客观支持分均低于全国常模,差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在主观支持中,获得父母支持的比例在亲属支持中最高;在客观支持中,获得的经济支持和解决实际问题的帮助主要来源依次是配偶外的其他家人最高,仍有18.4%的调查对象遇到急难情况无任何的经济支持和解决实际问题的帮助的来源;社会支持利用:遇到烦恼时倾诉方式表现为仅7.4%的调查对象会主动诉述自己的烦恼,以获得支持和理解;不同文化程度的HIV/AIDS对支持的利用程度不同,大专及以上文化程度对支持的利用程度高于高中及以下文化程度者,已婚者社会支持总分、主观支持分和客观支持分均高于未婚或离异者。多因素分析结果发现年龄和婚姻状况是社会支持的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论针对HIV/AIDS社会支持状况的现状,提出了在AIDS防治工作中通过增加其主观和客观支持,尤其是血缘关系亲属的支持,通过切实落实"四免一关怀"政策以提高社会支持力度,增加对社会支持的利用等措施,以全方位完善HIV/AIDS的社会支持系统。

[Objective]To understand the social support status of HIV /AIDS patients.[Methods]136 HIV /AIDS patients who just participated in the AIDS care activities in Jing＇an District or visited the Outpatient Department of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were investigated.The questionnaire survey was conducted with the Social Support Scale（SSS） and the basic information table,and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16.0.[Results]The total scores,subjective support scores and objective support scores of HIV /AIDS patients were lower than the Chinese norms,and the difference was significant（P 〈 0.001）.The subjective support from the parents accounted for the highest proportion of the support from relative.In the objective support,the financial support and helps for solving practical problems were mainly from the family members except the spouses,but there were18.4% respondents without any financial support and helps for solving practical problems while they encountered emergency and difficulty.In the utilization of social support,only 7.4% respondents will actively talk about their troubles to obtain support and understanding,HIV /AIDS patients with different educational level had different support utilization,which the support utilization level of HIV /AIDS patients with college or above degree was higher than that of HIV /AIDS patients with high school and below education,while the total scores,subjective scores and objective scores of social support in married respondents were higher than those in unmarried or divorced respondents.The multivariate analysis revealed that age and marriage state were the influencing factors of social support（P 〈0.05）.[Conclusion]According to the current situation of social support among HIV /AIDS patients,some strategies are suggested in AIDS prevention and treatment,which include strengthening subjective support and objective support,especially the support from the relatives,increasing social support through the effective implementation of the ＂ Four Frees and One Care＂ policy,enhancing the utilization of social support,to perfect the social support system toward HIV /AIDS patients.