喀斯特生态脆弱区矿山开采对生态环境影响评价研究——以贵州省开阳磷矿为例

Study on the evaluation of the impact on the mines in Karst ecological fragile zone——Taking Kaiyang phosphate of Guizhou province as an example

以TM卫星影像为主要信息源,利用遥感图像处理软件ERDAS IMAGINE和地理信息系统软件ARCVIEW GIS,对遥感影像的几何纠正、配准、滤波、融合、信息提取等工作,提取了植被类型、土地利用类型和土壤侵蚀强度3个基本的自然生态因子,对生态完整性进行分析评价,并完成了专题地图的制作。研究结果表明:在评价期间,开阳磷矿生态环境基本未受干扰破坏,生态系统结构完整,功能较强,系统恢复再生能力强,生态问题不显著,生态灾害少。研究认为,除自然因素外,政府政策、企业环保意识等人为因素是生态环境影响的主导因子。

Taking TM satellite image as the main information source,using remote sensing image processing software ERDAS IMAGINE and geographical information system software ARCVIEW GIS,this article undertook geometric correction,registration,filtering,fusion,information extraction for remote sensing image,and withdrew three basic natural ecological factors,which are,vegetation type,land use and Erosion intensity. Then,after analysis and evaluation on the ecological integrity,the thematic map was completed. The results indicate that： during evaluation,the basic ecological environment of Kaiyang phosphate was not disturbed or damaged. On the contrary,the high structural integrity,strong function and regeneration ability of the ecosystem insured insignificant ecological problems and a low frequency of ecological disaster. Research concludes that,government policies,environmental awareness of enterprise and other human factors is the dominant factor affecting the ecological environment besides natural factors.