特殊动产“交付优先于登记”规则的再思考——兼评《物权法》24条与《买卖合同司法解释》第10条

Research on the Issue of Special Personal Property Transfer Rules that "Delivery is Prior to Registration"-Comment on Article 24 of Property Law and Article 10 of Judicial Interpretation of the Contract for Sales

《买卖合同司法解释》第10条一方面肯定均未交付时登记可先于一般债权人取得特殊动产的所有权,一方面又规定交付优先于登记取得物之所有权。交付产生的物权变动公示效力小于登记产生的物权变动公示效力,法律却规定交付的买受人优先于登记的买受人取得所有权,这显然违背了法理。登记的公示效力具有独立性,在一定条件下仅登记不为交付亦可产生物权变动效力且该变动具有对抗效力;登记对抗的实质是对物权变动相对人未为登记时善意第三人可基于善意取得制度优先取得物权的提醒。间接交付不转移物的实际占有的情形下,物权变动的公示效力大大减损。因而,有必要根据交付的形式区分善意取得的具体构成,以达到均衡当事人之间利益的目的。

According to article 10 of Judicial Interpretation of the Sales Contract,issued by the People＇s Supreme Court in 2012,we can get the following conclusion.On the one hand,the buyer who registers can get special property ownership prior to the general creditors when the ownership has not been delivered; on the other hand,the buyer to whom the seller delivers the special personal property,rather than the buyer who registers,will be the owner of the special personal property.The effect of notification after registration is bigger than that after delivery,so it is obviously contrary to the theory of law when the legislation provides that the one to whom the seller delivers the special personal property,rather than the buyer who registers the fact of real rights alteration,will be the owner of the special personal property.The effect of notification after registration is independent legally,and under certain conditions,only registration without delivery can generate the effect of real right transfer with antagonism.The essence of registration confrontation is when the relative person with property transfer who is not registered,the third party can acquire the reminder of getting property on the system of bona fide acquisition.The effect of notification will greatly be undermined,when indirect delivery does not transfer the physical possession in reality.It is necessary to distinct the specific composition of bona fide acquisition according to the delivery form,in order to achieve the balance of interests between the parties.