19世纪末20世纪初的英国土地权利问题——土地权利由土地贵族向佃农转移

On Problems with English Land Rights in the Late 19^(th) and the Early 20^(th)Centuries:Transfer Land Rights from the Landed Aristocracy to Tenant Farmers

19世纪末20世纪初,英国土地权利发生了重大变化。持续的土地法改革运动及相继出台的一系列法案,确认了终身地产权人对土地的抵押、出租乃至出售的权利,使土地转让行为更为自由,为随后土地贵族的地产出售行为提供了保障。同时,土地贵族在被迫出售地产的过程中,多将土地划成小块出售给直接承租的佃农。由此,大规模地产由土地贵族流向佃农,相应地,土地权利也由土地贵族向佃农转移。

From the late 19thto the early 20thcentury,great changes had taken place in the English landed society.The continuous reform movements of land law and a series of acts gradually confirmed the land rights of life tenant farmers,such as the right to mortgage,lease or sale of their land.The transfer of land became easier,which ensured the afterwards landed aristocracy′s estate sales.Meanwhile,in the process of those sales,many landed aristocrats had to divide their family estate into smaller plots to sell to their tenant farmers.Thus,a large scale of estate transfer from the landed aristocracy to tenant farmers occurred,and so did the land rights.