呼与和:论《黑男孩》中的伦理关系

Call and Response: On the Ethical Relationship in Black Boy

《黑男孩》是理查德·赖特早期的经典代表作。赖特将白人与黑人间的种族关系以及黑人内部等各种伦理关系布局在这部小说的结构之中。他在文本中巧妙地运用了"呼与和"这种传统的布鲁斯叙事技巧,对美国家长制的伦理传统进行了声讨——他一方面声讨那些以父亲自居的白人们,掀开了白人家长制伦理体系欺骗性的面纱,剖析了暴力是他们维系权威的一种规训方式;另一方面,他也毫不留情地问责了黑人爸爸们在家庭伦理关系中的失职,并表达了他对身为受害者的黑人女性家长不自觉地长期维护这套伦理体系的同情和批评。

Black Boy is a representative of Richard Wright＇s early works. With its rhetorical name, he constructs the structure of his autobiography to signify the racial relationship between the white and the black as well as the relationship among the black community. He delicately applies the traditional African American narrative skill, call and response, with which he bi-directionally questions the white and the black--on one hand, he exposes the lie of white patriarchal mythology that the white are entitled to have a parental right to control the black on the basis of violence as a disciplining method; on the other hand, he boldly blames the delinquency of irresponsible black fathers and expresses his sympathy for and criticism of the black female parents who play the role of both the victims and vindicators of the white patriarchy.