当代中国碎片化社会福利体制的形成与突破

The Formation of Fragmental Social Welfare Regime and its' Breakthrough in Contemporary China

当代中国的社会福利体制具有显著的身份碎片化与区域碎片化特征,它主要与改革开放以来我国政府对不同群体适用不同社会政策的改革思路有关,而后者又主要与分税制下中央与地方政府的财政分配关系与社会福利职责分工相关。碎片化的社会福利体制不具有可持续性,不仅再次固化和扩大了社会阶层间的不平等,而且不利于国民自由流动和国民化福利身份的形成。消除碎片化、构建全民统一的社会福利体制,是未来我国社会政策与社会体制改革的根本目标与方向,其关键是将基于不同身份设立的各项制度整合并轨以及由中央政府承担社会福利供给的主要职责。

There are two significantcharacteristics of identity- based and region- based fragmentation with contemporary Chinese social welfare regime, which shaped by the government＇s reform ideas of differently making and applying separated social policy to various groups from 1978 and the fiscal relationshipand welfare function division between central and local governments under the tax sharing system from 1994. It＇s hard for this fragmental social welfare regime to keep sustainable, and resulted in re-consolidation and enlargement of inequality among social classes as well as limitation to free migration and formation of national citizen welfare identity. Accordingly, the fundamental goal and orientation to future Chinese social policy and social system reform should be placed on breaking through such fragmentationstrueture so as to build a uniformed and national social welfare regime by integrating variously separated welfare plans and central government taking the major welfare provision aecountabilities.