闽南方言表实现体貌的“了”

Liao (了) in Minnan Dialect that Expressing the Realization Aspect

"了"在闽南方言各地普遍用作表示实现体貌的形式,但由于实现体貌发展程度的不同,在各地有一定的差异。其中表示动作行为本身实现的、活动于词层面的"了1"在福建—台湾片和雷州片基本上不用,在粤东片和海南片则普遍存在;用于表示事件作为一种新情况实现、活动于句层面的"了2"在各地普遍存在;用于表示事态实现、活动于词组层面的"了3"在闽南方言的大部分地区仍存在,但在雷州片和海南文昌已经消失。这种"了3"多少带有一些"完毕"的意义,语音上也未弱化,是一个不成熟的体貌标记。三种"了"的句法分布在各地也有差异。考察、比较三种"了"在不同地域中和不同句法环境中的分布,可追溯出表实现体貌的"了"在闽南方言中的发展、演变过程。总体而言,闽南方言"了"的发展演变过程比普通话较迟或较慢,而各片的发展进度又快慢不一。

The word Liao （了 ） is commonly Dialect. However, there are a few differences at in the sub-dialects of Minnan. The word-final 5＂ used as an aspectual particle of realization in Minnan various development stages of the aspect marker 1 expresses the achievement of the behavior of the word itself. It is widespread in Eastern Guangdong and Hainan but not found in Fujian, Taiwan and Leizhou. The clause-final 了2 stands for the achievement of the events in a new situation and is commonly found in the sub-dialects of Minnan. The phrase-final 了3 stands for the achievement of a event and is widespread in most areas of Minnan dialect, but extinct in Leizhou and Wenchang. The element 了3 still means completion to some extent without weakened pronunciation. In a word, it is not a full- fledged aspectual particle. The syntactic distribution of these three words is different in Minnan Dialect. A comparative study of their different syntactic distributions in different regions in Minnan can help us to trace the evolving path of the realized aspectual particle of realization. Generally speaking, the perfect aspeetual particle 了 in Minnan Dialect displays a slower development than in Mandarin. But the development is unbalanced in the Minnan speaking areas.