眼镜蛇患·社会恐慌·疗禳技仪——兼论彝族传统自然观

COBRA HARASSMENT,SOCIAL PANIC AND CURE SKILLS AND RITUAL:The Yi's Traditional View of Nature

在云南峨山、新平等彝族地区,人们在日常生活中常遭受眼镜蛇患。有剧毒的眼镜蛇被当地人视为灾祸、意外的征兆,引起极度社会恐慌。应对蛇患,彝族自古有着药草敷服、外科处置、民间偏方等独特疗技,同时施行叫魂、吃"蛇"肉、驱(草)蛇等禳解仪式。作为极富智慧的地方性知识及应对措施,其实为一种隐性的自然生态保护机制。彝族以动植物崇拜为代表的与自然共生共荣的生态自然观及其实践,也许是修复当代人与自然失和关系的一把钥匙。

In their daily life, people are often harassed by cobras in Eshan and Xinping counties, the Yi distributed areas of Yunnan Province. Cobra with rank poison is regarded as a sign of disaster and accident by the locals and lead to extreme social panic. Since time memorial the Yi people have some unique cure skills such as herbs application, surgical treatment, folk prescription etc. along with the rituals of soul - calling, snake flesh - eating, and hay snake - driving to cope with snake harassment. This local knowledge with rich wisdom and active responses are indeed an invisible mechanism of ecological protection. The ecological view of nature and its practice of Yi people represented by the animal and plant worship could be a key to repair the um between human and nature.