行业垄断对收入差距影响的实证分析

Industry Monopoly and Empirical Analysis of Its Impact on the Income Distribution Gap

文章对行业间收入差距和行业内部收入差距进行了描述性统计分析，然后利用2010～2011年样本工业行业的数据估算出行业明瑟（Mincer）工资收入方程，进而用费景汉－拉尼斯分解方法分析了选定的行业特征对行业收入差距的贡献度。在此基础上，利用奥希卡一布林德（Oaxaca—Blinder）分解方法对垄断性行业与竞争性行业之间的收入差距进行了分析。最后，还利用菲尔兹（G·Fields）分解方法对垄断性行业与竞争性行业各自内部的收入差距进行了分析。研究结果表明：行业垄断程度对行业间收入差距的影响最大；行业职工受教育程度对垄断性行业与竞争性行业之间的收入差距解释力不够，垄断性行业的高收入在很大程度上是不合理的；行业职工受教育程度对垄断性行业内部的收入差距几乎没有影响，而对竞争性行业内部的收入差距产生了一定的影响。

Firstly, this paper carries out a descriptive statistical analysis on the income gap between and within industries. Secondly, the paper estimates the industry Mincer wage equation taking advantage of data in sample industries from 2010 to 2011 ; and it measures the contribution of selected industry characteristics to industry income gap employing the Ranis-Fei decomposition method. After that,it uses the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to analyze the income gap between competitive industries and monopoly industries. Finally, it uses the G · Fields decomposition method to analyze the respective internal income gap of competitive industries and monopoly industries. The empirical analysis shows that ： 1. Monopoly is the main reason for the industry income gap;2. The contribution of workers＇ education degree to the income gap between competitive industries and monopoly industries is very small. And high income of monopoly industries is not reasonable to a great extent;3. Workers＇ education degree has little impact on the internal income gap of monopoly industries, but it has a certain influence on the internal income gap of competitive industries.