跨语言语音相似度与日本学习者对汉语/ts//ts//tc/三组辅音的感知和产出研究

Effect of Cross-language Phonetic Similarity on Japanese Speakers' Production and Perception of Chinese Consonants/ts,ts^h,s/,/ts,ts^h,s/and/t,t~h,/

本文从声学和感知两个方面对汉日辅音语音相似度进行了研究。在此基础上,考察了日本学习者对汉语/ts,tsh,s//ts,tsh,s//t,th,/三组辅音的感知和产出。产出研究发现,学习者已经初步建立了汉语三组辅音的发音范畴,但其三组辅音均与母语者在发音部位上存在差异。尤其是学习者在产出汉语C-z组与C-j组辅音时,采用了类似于自己母语中J-z组与J-j组辅音的区分方式,主要依靠发音时舌头是否存在"腭化"来加以区分,在声道收紧点上的区分不明显。感知研究发现,学习者已在其感知系统中初步建立了汉语三组辅音的感知范畴。本文的结论还表明,确定跨语言语音相似度时,除了声学特征和主观感知的因素外还要参考两种语言音系对比的结果。当声学相似度和感知相似度结果不一致时,音系对比的语音相似度最终决定L2语音的产出。L2的感知主要受到跨语言感知相似度的影响,同时学习者L2音段的感知模式也会发挥一定的作用。

On the basis of the acoustic and perceptual similarities between Chinese and Japanese consonants, this paper studies the production and perception of Chinese consonants/ts, ts^h, s/, / s, ^h, / and/t , t ^h, / by native speakers of Japanese. Production analysis shows that Japanese speakers have established preliminary categories which somehow differ from those as produced by native Chinese speakers in that they have transferred their native manner of articulation： in Japanese, J-z differs from J-j in terms of tongue shape, not in the place of tongue constriction. Perception analysis shows that Japanese speakers have also established perception categories preliminarily. The research then con- cludes that besides acoustic and perceptual features, the speech system may also affect phonetic similarity. When there is a difference between acoustic similarity and perceptual similarity, similarity based on speech system comparison will finally decide the production of L2 speech. The perception of L2 speech is affected primarily by cross-language perceptual similarity, when the perception pattern of L2 segments also have some bearing.