正一教权象征“天师剑”的兴起与传说

Symbol of the Daoist Authority: The Rise of Divine Sword Narrative of the Celestial Master

道士一直是掌握铸剑技术的特殊集团,晋唐时期的道士随身佩戴驱鬼辟邪的法剑。中唐以前,镇护国家的道教象征符号主要是上清道派铸造的明镜与神剑。晚唐时期,"道士与宝剑"类型故事的主角从道士群体逐步落实到汉天师张道陵身上。张天师的雌雄剑、都功印箓成为龙虎山张天师子孙掌握正一教权的凭证与象征。随着龙虎山天师府势力的扩张,江南地区各地出现了"天师剑传说"。

As the the symbol of the Daoist authority,the Tianshi Jian( sword of the Celestial Master) is said to be descended from the first Celestial Master Zhang Daoling and has been kept in the hand of Zhang Celestial Master clan from Eastern Han to modern China. But we should treat this sword of the Celestial Master as a religious myth rather than history since the historical and Daoist records of the Pre-Tang periods did not support it. The story theme of Daoist divine sword was vested uniquely in the pope of Daoist only when the Celestial Master papacy settled down in Mount Longhu in the lateTang period.