民国南京救济院社会救济述论(1927-1937)

Study on Social Relief of Nanjing Official Poorhouse During the Republic of China

国民政府定都南京后,着手整顿民间慈善机关,并在全国范围内建立政府救济机关——救济院,对无依无靠的鳏寡孤独施与积极救助,以济民生。其中,1929年建立起来的首都南京市立救济院隶属南京社会局,积极组织对残老、婴幼儿、孤儿、妇女、游民等社会人群的救助,在民国社会保障事业的发展和南京城市社会秩序的稳定中起到了一定的作用。然而,民国十年的建设时期,随着世界经济危机的爆发,中国农村经济破产,城市经济凋敝,加之国民党将主要精力放在国防建设及与异党的角力之上,造成社会矛盾日益尖锐,其有限的救济力量与巨大的社会救济需求相较简直是杯水车薪,无法也不可能达到预期的救助效果。

The National government issued a number of decrees, began to rectify the philanthropy, and established official poorhouses all over the country to help the vulnerable group. As the capital of the National government, Nanjing, the poorhouse there has its special representative, after the establishment in 1929, they began to help the elders, infants, orphans and vagrants. It played an important role in the development of social security project of the Republic of China, and also contributed to the social stability. However, China suffered heavy losses in the world economic crisis in 1930s, the rural economy bankrupt, urban economy depressed. What＇s more, the government mainly focused on the defence construction and different parties restricting, the limited activities can＇ t meet the huge requirements at all, and the result was so far from the expectation.