中国五声、西方七声调式体系特性音程的比较——敬答赵宋光先生之问

Comparison of Characteristic Interval between Chinese Pentatonic and Western Diatonic Tuning System——Answering a Question of Mr.Zhao Songguang

赵宋光的《论五度相生调式体系》指出了中西转调的一个不同现象:"在谱上,音列向属方面推移时出现升号,向下属方向推移时出现降号。但在‘五音’这边,情况恰恰相反。"这种现象是由于两种体系的特性音程不同造成的。西方七声音阶的特性音程为第四级(下属音)与第七级音(导音)组成的三全音,而中国五声音阶的特性音程为"宫-角"大三度。调式体系的乐调信息基本性地反映在基本调之中,基本调的特性音程决定了调式音阶,从而不光规定了调式体系的转调逻辑,还对调式体系的用调以及音乐形态都有着某种内在规定性。

On Pythagorean Tuning System by Zhao Songguang pointed out the difference of changing tunes between Chinese and Western tuning system due to the different characteristic interval of the two systems. The characteristic interval in Western diatonic scale is the tritone consisted of the fourth and seventh grade notes, while the characteristics interval of Chinese pentatonic scale is the major ＂gong-jue＂. The music information of the tuning system is fundamentally reflected in the basic key. The characteristic interval of the basic key determines the mode and scale, and thus not only decides the tune-change logic of the tuning system, but also determines the key and music form of the tuning system in some degree.