《红楼梦》是《金瓶梅》之“反模仿”和“倒影”论

On “Contra-Imitation” and “Inverted Image” of A Dream in Red Mansions on The Golden Lotus

以《红楼梦》比较《金瓶梅》,是两部名著间历史与美学联系的探讨与厘清。《金瓶梅》固不必攀附《红楼梦》而自有其价值与地位,但对当下《金瓶梅》文学价值的认可及其社会地位的提高,有学术以外的现实意义。"反模仿"本质上也是一种模仿。《红楼梦》对《金瓶梅》的"反模仿",使其形象体系包括立意、结构、人物等"大处"和总体,"乃《金瓶梅》之倒影":《红楼梦》"谈情",是青春版的《金瓶梅》;《金瓶梅》"戒淫",是成人版的《红楼梦》;《红楼梦》"以情悟道",贾宝玉是迷途知返的西门庆;《金瓶梅》"以淫说法",西门庆是不知改悔的贾宝玉。其他林黛玉与潘金莲、薛宝钗与吴月娘、袭人与春梅等,皆具此等"倒影"关系。这种"反模仿"而成"倒影"关系的过程与机制,有似于生物工程上的"转基因技术",而《红楼梦》实可视为《金瓶梅》的"转基因产品"。在这个意义上,《红楼梦》"深得《金瓶》壸奥","《金瓶梅》是《红楼梦》的祖宗"。

To compare A Dream in Red Mansions with The Golden Lotus, it is necessary to probe into and sort out the historical and aesthetic connection between the two. A Dream in Red Mansions is important by itself, but the recognition and improvement of the position of The Golden Lotus has realistic significance outside academic circle. ＂Contra-Imitation＂ is an imitation in essence. The ＂contra- Imitation＂ of A Dream in Red Mansions on The Golden Lotus makes the former the ＂inverted Image＂ of the latter including the image system such as intention, structure, character and in the general design： A Dream in Red Mansions is focused on ＂talking about love＂, which is the youthful version of The Golden Lotus; the latter is aimed at ＂abstaining from obscene＂, which is the adult version of the former; the former tries to ＂understand love by love＇ itself＂ and JIA Bao-yu is the returning prodigal of XIMEN Qing; the latter tries to ＂warn through obscene＂ and XIMEN Qing is unrepentant JIA Bao-yu. The ＂inverted image＂ also exists in the comparison of LIN Dai-yu with PAN Jin-lian, XUE Bao-chai with WU Yue-niang, Xiren with Chunmei. The process and mechanism of the ＂contra-imitation＂ and ＂inverted image＂ is similar to ＂transgenosis＂ in bioengineering and A Dream in Red Mansions can be regarded as the ＂transgenosis＂ of The Golden Lotus. In this sense, the former ＂gets the essence of the latter＂ and the ＂latter is the ancestor of the former＂.