企业异质性、贸易成本与服务业生产率

Firm Heterogeneity,Trade Costs and Productivity in Services Sectors

基于异质性企业的内生技术选择视角和世界投入产出表的大样本数据,考察了国际服务贸易成本对服务业生产率的影响。结果表明,更低的贸易成本与更高的生产率及更快的生产率增长相联系,且该效应主要体现在生产性服务部门,但服务贸易成本下降的效应系数远远低于商品部门;对中国样本的检验结果显示,无论是生产性服务业还是生活性服务业,其双边贸易成本下降并未带来服务业生产率及其增长的提升,而商品部门的表现与跨国经验结果一致,我们将该现象称为"中国对外服务贸易成本的生产率效应悖论",并对此提出3种可能的解释。

This paper examines the impact of trade costs on productivity in services sectors based on the endogenous technology choice assumption of heteroge- neous firms and the large sample data of world input-output table. Empirical results show that after the control of technology gap, highly skilled labor, information and communication technology capital, lower trade costs are associated with higher pro- ductivity and faster productivity growth, and this effect is mainly manifested in the producer services sectors. However, the effects of trade costs decline on productivi- ty and its growth are much lower than that of goods sectors. For China＇s sample, the bilateral trade costs decline doesn＇t promote productivity and its growth for both producer and consumer services, while goods sectors＇ performance coincides with that of cross-country analysis, which is called the productivity paradox of trade costs on China＇s foreign trade in services sectors. We also put forward three possible explanations for this paradox.