日本对华关系正常化决策过程再探讨

Reviewing Japanese Decision-making Process in the Normalization of Sino-Japanese Relations

两次"尼克松冲击"不仅为日本的对华关系正常化提供了可能性,而且也使中日关系正常化产生了必要性。田中角荣首相在没有获得中方在日美安全条约、台湾、战争赔偿等问题上的具体意向之前,难以下决心进行日中之间有关邦交正常化的谈判。作为实业家出身的政治家,田中尤其重视经济方面的利益,甚至比中国政府更注重"政治解决"两国邦交正常化问题。虽然田中将日中邦交正常化课题的政策制定委托给外务大臣大平正芳及外务省少数精英官僚,但始终起到主导性作用。日本的对华关系正常化决策过程,具有鲜明的首相决断型和利益驱动性特征及理念。

The two ＂Nixon shocks＂ in 1970s provided possibilities for Japanese moves of rebuilding links with China as well as necessity for the normalization of Sino - Japanese relations. Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka was not able to make up his mind to start the Sino - Japanese negotiationbefore knowing Chinese intention in the aspects of Japan - U. S. security treaty, Taiwan Question and war reparation. As a politician who used to be an industrialist, Prime Minister Tanaka in particular focused on economic interest. Compared with Chinese government, the Japanese Prime Minister paid even more attention to solving issues in the normalization of Sino - Japanese relations ＂through political means＂. Although entrusting the specific policy - making tasks to Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira and a few other elite bureaucrats from Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prime Minister Tanaka himself also played a leading role in the normalization of Sino - Japanese relations. Japanese decision - making process in normalization of Sino - Japanese relations is characterized by the prime minister＇s role in decision- making and the driving factor of economic interest.