中国地级及以上城市城乡收入差距时空分异格局

Spatiotemporal Pattern of Urban-Rural Income Gap of Prefecture Level Cities or Above in China

利用ESDA-GIS、空间变异函数、重心迁移与趋势面分析等方法,对2000和2011年全国343个地级及以上城市城乡收入差距的空间分异格局、总体趋势、空间异质性和相关性进行研究;运用空间计量经济模型分析了中国地级城乡收入差距的影响因素。结果表明:中国地级城乡收入差距空间分异显著,呈现出中部>西部>东部、中部>南方>北方的趋势,具有较显著的全局正相关关系,存在空间集聚特征。11年间,城乡收入比的重心向东北迁移;收入差距显著减小的地区多分布在西部和东北地区,而黄河流域是收入差距显著扩大最集中的地区;城乡收入差距的冷点区大幅扩张而热点区大幅收缩。地级城乡资本投入比,第二、第三产业集聚,城镇化率和空间滞后变量将会导致城乡收入差距的扩大;城乡劳动力比则会缩小城乡收入差距。

Taking the residents income ratio between urban and rural residents as the measuring indicator, this paper analyses the spatiotemporal pattern, global trends, spatial heterogeneities and correlations of income gap of 343 prefecture-level cities or above in China from 2000 to 2011 by use of ESDA-GIS, semi-variant function, gravity center migration and trend surface analysis. Spatial lag model is established to estimate the effect of each explanatory variable and analyze the impact factors of urban-rural income gap. The results show as following. The spatial difference of income gap between urban and rural residents is significantly, showing a trend of the middle China〉the western China〉the eastern China, and the Central〉the South〉the North. The calculate result of Moran＇ s I shows that the density of urban- rural income gap of prefecture level cities or above in China has a significant and growing global spatial autocorrelation characteristic and spatial cluster, regional disparities trend of income gap is more and more obvious. The gravity center of urban-rural income gap had moved northeast on the whole from 2000 to 2011. The western and northeastern areas are the significantly reduced area in urban-rural income ratio, while the Yellow River basin is the most concentrated areas where the income gap significantly expanded. Cold spot areas of urban-rural income gap have spread markedly, and the spot areas shrink dramatically. Urban- rural human capital inputs ratio, agglomeration of the secondary and tertiary sectors, urbanization rate and spatial lag variable all have positive effects on urban-rural income gap, whereas the urban-rural labor ratio has negative effect on urban-rural income gap.