非正式制度下城市清真寺周边商业空间区位研究——基于西宁东关回族社区的调查

Location for Surrounding Commercial Environment of City Mosque under the Informal Institution Based on the Fieldwork in Xining's Dongguan

采用地带间离散系数和带别特化系数对西宁市三个清真寺周边区域的商业网点的分布离散指数和带内集聚指数进行分析,得出均匀分布和离散分布两个大类和商业行业分布稀疏带、商业行业分布密集带、商业行业分布高度密集带三个亚类,并对城市回族社区传统商业和现代商业的区位分布进行空间分析,研究发现:①清真饮食业、牛羊屠宰业、清真零售业、宾馆业属于离散指数较小的行业,分布较为均匀。珠宝玉石土特产业、穆斯林民族用品业、居民生活服务性行业、服装业、制造加工业、休闲娱乐业属于离散指数较大的行业,分布分散。②回族传统产业形态主要"依寺而商"进行空间布局,而现代产业和个别传统产业则主要围绕"城市交通轴"和"商业中心"进行临近布局。③西宁城市回族商业空间区位选择在很大程度上是地方特定制度作用的结果,是由文化根植性、关系网络结构、路径依赖和区域经济因素共同决定的。④清真寺作为回族宗教文化传统为核心的非正式制度集合体,其核心集聚作用已经成为影响回族商业经济区位选择的资源和空间配置的方式。

Which was divided into two categories and three sub-types, two categories were discrete degree small regional and discrete degree big regional, three sub-types were sparse band of commercial industry distribution, dense band of commercial industry distribution, highly concentrated zone of commercial industry distribution. Using GIS software, the paper has drawn the spatial layout map of commercial outlets in the study area, the research finds that： （1）And ＂economic rationality＂ and ＂faith rationality＂ dominate the Muslim space behavior, which is different from the economics emphasizes the ＂economic man hypothesis＂ （fully rational or bounded rationality）, so the community business space location shows the unique heterogeneity. （2） The food industry, Cows ＆ Sheep Slaughter industry, retail business and hotel industry distribute uniformly in the study area ,whereas National supplies industry. Residents Service industry, Leisure Entertainment industry, Jewelry＆Native industry, Clothing industry and manufacturing industry distribute highly fragmented in the study area. （3） Space layout of Hui minority traditional industries forms are subject to the temple location, individual traditional industries and modem industries are mainly around the ＂urban traffic axis＂ and ＂business center＂, and this Halal business space layout forms the ＂Hui minority industry space＂. Traditional business distribute on the Nanguan street, Dongyi road, Donger road ,Dongsan road, Qingzhen road and, s modem business distribute mainly on the Ba yi street and Garden south street. （4） The cultural embeddedness, network structure, regional economic factors and path dependence determine surrounding commercial environment of city mosque.