称谓语使用的语境动因——以《红楼梦》中平儿的语言为例

The Influence of Context on the Use of Address Terms:An Analysis of Pinger's Utterances in A Dream of Red Mansions

称谓语的恰当使用对于交际成功有重要意义。基于对《红楼梦》前80回中平儿所用全部称谓语的定量统计和细致分析,融合社会语言学和语用学视角,研究语境对称谓语使用的意义。结果表明,称谓语的使用受到各种语境因素的影响。背景式语境因素影响说话者的一般称谓策略,而情景式语境导致了说话者对特定对象称呼上的变异。

The proper use of address terms is of great importance to communicators. This study investigates the influence of context on speakers' use of address terms through the analyses of all the address terms used by Pinger in the first 80 chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions from the perspectives of Sociolinguistics and Pragmatics.All the address terms used by Pinger are collected and categorized. Then the context is classified into background and situation contextual factors. Statistics analyses and examples in language materials indicate that the use of address terms is a complicated process of decision-making,which is influenced by various contextual factors. Background contextual factors are related to the stable states of speakers' addressing. Situational contextual factors cause the changes in the speaker's way of addressing a person.