论我国非刑事犯罪嫌疑人人身自由的限制与保障

On the Limitation and Security of Non-criminal Suspects' Personal Liberty

行政拘留、劳动教养、收容教育、收容教养等限制人身自由的处罚或强制措施主要是由公安机关作出的,其性质属于行政行为。由行政机关通过行政行为限制人身自由的立法政策已经成为我国特色法律制度的组成部分,这一制度在特定的时期内对维护社会秩序作出了巨大贡献。然而,随着法治国家建设步伐的加快,由行政机关限制人身自由的立法政策与近现代以来的宪法原则明显抵牾,阻碍法治国家建设的进程。近日,中共十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出废止劳动教养制度,这对于落实我国宪法原则、促进人权保障事业具有十分重大的意义;与之相适应,其它由行政机关限制人身自由的立法也应适时地改革和调整。

Such administrative punishment or administrative restrictions on personal liberty as administrative detention,reeducation through labor,detention education,and etc. are all made by administrative organs. And they belong to the administrative action in nature. This kind of legislative policy and its practice in China has become a legal characteristic system component. It has made an enormous contribution to the maintenance of social order and social harmony. However,this kind of governmental policy of restricting personal liberty is in contradictory to safeguard personal liberty in a modern constitution,and affects a country construction process to the road of the rule of law. Recently,the eighteen session of the Central Committee of Communist Party of China at the Third Plenary Session issued 'on comprehensively deepening reform of certain major issue decision',which proposes abolishing the system of reeducation through labor. The decision is of great significance for the implementation of China's constitutional principle,promotion the cause of human rights protection; correspondingly,the other legislations on the restriction of personal freedom by the administrative authority should also be timely adjusted and reformed.