传统与现代:中国现代文学史上两种不同形式的隐逸

Tradition and Modernism: Two Different Reclusion in Chinese Contemporary Literature History

隐逸在中国有着悠久的传统。辛亥革命后,中国进入现代时期,由于时局动荡、民族的纷争导致知识分子理想的不断破灭,一部分知识分子在时局动荡、政党斗争激烈的年代里选择了躲避的姿态,与当时的时代和主流刻意保持着距离,成为那个时代的隐士。他们或者隐身于佛门,或者闭户读书,或隐身于市郊研读佛经。他们的隐逸之道是传统隐逸文化的延续,无论是隐逸方式还是文学创作,都有着浓郁的古典色彩,可以称之为东方式隐逸。同时随着现代化程度的加深,中国的日常生活和文学的表现方式与审美追求不断呈现西化的特点。主流的启蒙文学如此,处于边缘的隐逸文学也是如此。知识分子隐逸的方式、文学的表现内容和文学品格也发生明显的转向,出现了西方式的隐士。两种类型的隐士在隐逸方式、文学的表现形式、审美特点上表现了背离性的差异,体现了现代隐逸文学的两面性。

It has a long tradition in China, every time the hermit of comer guard, avoidi them in landscape garden, or fugue Yu Qinqi calligraphy and painting art world. Xinhai, ng the profane, or send before and after China entered the modem period, because the current political situation turbulence, national dispute led to the ideal of in- tellectuals constantly burst, between the left and the right part of the intellectuals chose to escape attitude, with The Times and the mainstream deliberately maintained a distance, the hermit of the age. They or hidden in Buddhist , such as Li Shutong, shut or reading, such as Zhou Zuoren, some hidden in suburban studying Buddhist scriptures, such as Fei Ming. The way of their solitude is the continuation of traditional culture of reclusion, both way of reclu- sion and literary creation, has a strong classical color, can be called the eastern reclusion. But with the deepening of the modernized level, Chinas daily life and literary expression and aesthetic pursuit of continually improving the characteristics of westernization. Mainstream of enlightenment literature, at the edge of the hermit literature also is such. Intellectual way of reclusion, literature content and character of literature also happen obvious steering, ap- peared a western - style hermit, such as Zhang Ailing, Qian Zhongshu, etc. Two types of hermit mode of reclu- sion , literary forms and aesthetic characteristics on the performance deviate from the sex difference , embodies the modern literature reclusion of two sides.