城市化进程中的小学教育专业培养模式改革辨析

Reform of Training Pattern for Elementary Education Major in Urbanization

小学教育专业不是一个学科教育专业,而是一个职业教育专业,是适应三级师范向二级师范过渡而设置的专业。目前的学制模式有六年制专科模式、五年制专科模式、三年制专科模式、四年制本科模式、二年制研究生教育模式;培养模式有全科模式和分科模式。新世纪以来,各级各类小学教育专业都在积极探索最优化的人才培养方案。有的倾向于全科模式,有的倾向于分科模式。原中等师范学校升格的师范专科学校强调培养规格一专多能,原师范专科学校升格的本科院校强调培养规格学科专业化。县镇小学校长强调多能化,城市小学校长强调专业化。高等学校内部,学科专业教师认为专业化就是学科知识与技能专业化,教育专业教师认为专业化就是教育理论与技能专业化。因此,必须以《小学教师专业标准(试行)》和《教师教育课程标准(小学)》为指导,保持多元化、特色化的同时,坚持分科培养原则,逐步走向教师教育学科专业化,适应我国未来城市化小班教学和提高教学质量的需要。

Primary school education major is not a major of subject education but a major vocational education , which is set up for adapting to the transition of grade three normal school to grade two . At present , primary school education major includes six-year system academy pattern , five-year system academy pattern , three-year system academy pattern , four-year system university pattern and two-year system postgraduate pattern . And the training pattern includes general pattern and division pattern . As we enter the new century , the elementary education major at all levels and of all classifications is exploring optimum training pattern trending towards general pattern or division pattern . The normal academy upgraded from middle level normal schools emphasize the standard of training talent w ho w hile specializing in one , w hile the normal universities upgraded from normal academy emphasize the training pattern of specialization . Schoolmasters of elementary schools in tow n and county are required mastering many skills , w hile schoolmasters of elementary schools in city are required specialization . In colleges and universities , subject major teachers believe that specialization means specialized knowledge and skill , while education major teachers believe that specialization means specialized education theories and skill . Consequently , elementary education major must trend to specialization of teacher education subject to adjust to small class size in urbanization and improve the teaching quality . In this procedure , we must take the elementary teachers special standard and the courses of elementary teachers＆#39;education as direction , and stick to division training pattern w hile keeping diversification and specialization .