拒马河流域黑鹳活动区域的卫星定位研究

Study on Ciconia nigra Area Using Global Positioning Satellite

自从2003年开始,北京房山区拒马河流域出现了黑鹳(Ciconia nigra),并在随后的几年出现了黑鹳分群及留居现象,为了掌握拒马河流域黑鹳是否迁徙和它们的季节性活动规律,2011年给2只黑鹳带上卫星发射器,并进行卫星定位观察。研究结果表明,拒马河流域黑鹳的冬、春季活动区域与夏、秋季活动区域存在明显差异;河面封冻、人类活动干扰和干旱是导致黑鹳的适宜取食地减少和分布区域变化的主要原因;根据黑鹳在不同季节的活动区域和活动规律,提出了拒马河流域黑鹳保护的具体建议。

Since 2003, the black storks have appeared at Juma River, Fangshan District, Beijing, with the phenomenon of hiving off and resident. In order to find whether the black storks would immigrate and what the pattern of their seasonal activities is, the platform transmitter terminal was put on 2 black storks which were observed in 2011 and 2012 with satellite remote sensing technology. The results show that the area where they mainly inhabited during spring and winter was different from that during summer and autumn. In Shidu, a scenic spot alongside Juma River, black storks usually dwell on shoals where the water runs fast and is hardly frozen during winter and early spring. At these times, they mainly move at somewhere between Sidu and Liudu. However, during summer and autumn, black storks hover around Qian Hekou village where there are few visitors but abundant food, and the places where they appear are underdeveloped regarding tourism and few tourists can be seen. Three factors, namely the frozen river, human activities and drought, lead to a decrease in suitable forage locations, which has a great influence on black storks. The essay proposes corresponding suggestion to protect black storks according to the area and pattern of their activities.