古气候模拟与气候模式

PALEOCLIMATE MODELING AND CLIMATE MODEL

本文概要地介绍了国内外近年来古气候模拟研究的若干进展。内容包括国际古气候模拟比较计划的研究工作和中国科学院大气物理研究所开展的古气候模拟研究。作为气候模拟研究的重要手段，气候模式是非常关键的，因此，文中也对古气候模拟中使用的各种气候模式作了扼要的介绍。

Advances in paleoclimate modeling in the world is briefly reviewed. The contend include the paleoclimato modeling intercomparison project (PMIP) and the research works conducted at the institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences. Meanwhile, the model used in paleoclimare modeling is also described. PMIP was initiated by both IGBP / PAGES and WCRP/WGNE, aiming at assessing the ability of AGCMs to simulate large changes of climate that happened in the past. PMIP is particularly interested in the mid-Holocene (6 000a B.P.) and the last glacial maximum (21 000a B.P.) because during these periods the climate is greatly different from present large amount of proxy data accumulated, and the major forcing factors are relatively well known. At present the models reasonably simulate some important climate feature such as the monsoon system changes. For some other characters like the African monsoon rainfall, however, models' simulation agrees only qualitatively rather than quantitatively, with the paleo-data. PMIP is now trying to find physical feedback mechanisms responsible for amplifying the forced climate changes. Climatevegetation interaction is a possible mechanism. Climates during the last glacial maximum, 9 000a B.P., 115 000a B.P., 125 000a B.P., and 6 000a B.P. were simulated by the IAP climate model. Roles of vegetation and soil in the mid-Holocene climate were examined through numerical experiments by using the IAP AGCM coupled with a detailed land surface model. As a tool for the paleoclimate reconstruction, the AGCM plays an important role. This paper briefly introduces the basic statute, the governing equations, the physical processes, and the computing problems in the AGCM. Aiming at the interactions of climate-vegetation and atmosphere-ocean, the coupled models of AGCM-Biome and AGCM-OGCM are developed and applied in paleoclimate modeling, especially at the mid-Holocene climate studies.