北方旱寒区白菜型冬油菜品种抗寒性与适应性分析

Analysis of Cold Hardness Adaptability of Winter Rapeseed(Brassica rapa L.) in the Cold and Arid Regions of Northern China

为了进一步研究白菜型冬油菜品种在北方寒旱区的抗寒性和适应性,筛选出适应于大面积种植的优良抗寒冬油菜品种。本研究采用多点试验,对白菜型冬油菜在北方地区的越冬率、产量、经济性状及生育期进行比较,分析其抗寒性和适应性。结果在北方旱寒区纬度29°36′~43°55′、海拔35~3 650m、极端最低气温-16.5^-41.5℃、年平均气温6.5~11.5℃、年平均降水量42~700mm、无霜期110~200d的地区,不同品种的越冬率和产量存在较大差异,且同一品种在不同试点的越冬率和产量也不相同,但12个品种(系)在各试验点均可表现出强的特殊适应性,越冬品种在不同试点均能正常生长,具有良好的经济性状,并且收获期集中在6月中下旬,适合倒茬,能够提高复种指数。综合分析表明:在12份供试材料中,陇油6号、陇油7号、07兰MXW-1-3由于具有越冬安全性(越冬率82.73%~89.13%),增产明显(产量2 574.76~2 709.11kg·hm-2),经济性状优良,生育期适中,是最适合在甘肃、新疆、西藏、山西、北京、辽宁等北方寒区种植的白菜型冬油菜品种(系)。

The cold hardness adaptability of winter rapeseeds was studied for screening elite lines with cold-resistance and excellent agronomic traits in the cold and arid regions of Northern China.The regional trials were conducted to evaluate the cold hardness and adaptability by comparing over-winter survival rates,the growth period,economic traits and yield of winter rapeseeds.The cold and arid regions where latitude ranges from 29°36′to 43°55′N,elevation ranges from 35to 3 650m,the extreme lowest temperature ranges from-16.5to-41.5℃,annual average temperature ranges from 6.5to11.5℃,precipitation ranges from 42to 700mm,and frost free days ranges from 100to 200d.Distinct differences were observed for over-wintering rate and yield in the tested varieties.12varieties at each test point showed the strong adaptability,they could grow normally at different sites,and showed goodeconomic traits and concentrated harvest time in the late of June,which was good for fall cropping to improve the cropping index.As a conclusive consideration,among the 12varieties,Longyou 6,Longyou 7and 07Lan MXW-1-3have higher over-winter rate（82.73%-89.13%）,higher yield（2 574.76-2 709.11kg·hm^-2）,good economic traits and moderate growth period.They are the most suitable Brassica rapawinter rape varieties in the cold and arid regions such as Gansu,Xinjiang,Tibet,Shanxi,Beijing,Liaoning,etc.in Northern China.