七个不同产地山楂的营养成分分析和抗氧化能力评价

ANALYSIS OF THE NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF HAWTHORN FRUITS FROM SEVEN DIFFERENT AREAS

目的对7个不同产地的山楂果实进行营养成分含量研究,同时对其总抗氧化能力进行评价。方法主要对山楂果实的宏量营养素、水分、维生素、矿物质等几项营养成分进行测定,同时选择高效液相色谱法测定了山楂果实的酚酸及多酚类功效成分及总有机酸含量。采用氧自由基吸收能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)法,以维生素C为质控样品,对不同品种山楂果的总抗氧化能力进行评价。结果研究结果表明,山楂鲜果中碳水化合物主要有果糖和葡萄糖组成,其含量在1.57%～4.28%范围内;山楂果实含水量均值为75.5%,含有少量的膳食纤维,在5.79～8.07g/100g范围内;富含维生素C,5#样品含量最低,为72.3 mg/100g,6#样品含量最高,为97.7 mg/100g,β-胡萝卜素含量范围为100～208μg/100g;山楂鲜果含有多种矿物质,其中钾含量最高,在232.25～311.30 mg/100g范围内,其次是钙和磷,含量分别为20.29～37.45 mg/100g、11～25 mg/100g;铁和锌的含量均低于1.50 mg/100g。山楂果实中富含多种酚酸及多酚类功效成分,总有机酸检测结果表明山楂果实中柠檬酸>苹果酸>酒石酸。ORAC值在170.3～304.2μmol Trolox当量/g范围内。结论山楂鲜果富含多种营养成分及多酚类功效成分,具有较强的抗氧化能力,相关分析结果表明,山楂鲜果总黄酮与ORAC值存在正相关,相关系数r=0.981(P<0.01);山楂鲜果总多酚与ORAC值存在正相关,相关系数r=0.886(P<0.01)。

Objective To study the content of nutritive ingredients and polyphenol compounds and antioxidant capacity of different kinds of hawthorn fruits. Methods The macronutrients, moisture, vitamins and minerals in 7 different hawthorn fruits were determined. The contents of phenolic acids and polyphenolic compounds and total organic acids were probed by HPLC. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity（ORAC） method. Results The contents of fructose and glucose were 1.57%-4.28%. The average moisture content was 75.5%, and dietary fiber was 5.79-8.07 g/100g. The contents of viatmin C and β-carotene were 72.3-97.7 mg/100g and 100-208 μg/100g, respectively. The hawthorn fruits contain various mineral elements, such as K（232.25-311.30 mg/100g）, Ca（20.29-37.45 mg/100g）, P（11-25 mg/100g）, Fe and Zn（less than 1.50 mg/100g）. There were 11 kinds of phenolic acids and polyphenolic compounds detected in hawthorn fruits. Total organic acids in hawthorn fruits were citric acid malic acid tartaric acid. The detected ORAC was 170.3-304.2μmol TE/g. Correlative analysis showed that the total flavonoids content was correlated with ORAC（r=0.981, P〈0.01）; and the total polyphenols content was correlated with ORAC（r=0.886,P〈0.01）.Conclusion Hawthorn fruits are rich in nutritive ingredient and polyphenolic compounds, and high in antioxidant capacity. There is a positive correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the contents of polyphenols in hawthorn fruits.