宁夏农村留守儿童行为问题影响因素的Logistic回归分析

Logistic Regression Analysis on Behavior Problems and Influence Factors of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas of Ningxia

目的了解宁夏农村留守儿童心理行为问题现况及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,应用一般情况调查表、父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ儿童版)、Piers-Harri儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL家长版),对宁夏南部山区所抽取班级的1905名中小学生进行调查。结果①儿童行为问题总检出率为18%(343/1905);留守与非留守儿童行为问题检出率分别为20.9%和16.0%,两者比较有显著统计学差异(χ2=7.66,P=0.006);汉族留守与非留守儿童行为问题检出率分别为17.0%和11.2%,两者比较有显著统计学差异(χ2=6.64,P=0.010);回族留守儿童行为问题检出率为25.1%显著高于汉族留守儿童检出率17.0%(χ2=7.51,P=0.006);②多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示父母外出打工情况(OR=1.239)、内外向人格(OR=0.807)、神经质人格(OR=1.310)、父亲过度保护(OR=1.727)、母亲拒绝否认(OR=1.561)和自我意识总分(OR=0.613)最终进入方程,可以直接预测留守儿童心理行为问题的发生,其中情绪不稳定、父亲过度保护、母亲拒绝否认以及父母均外出打工是危险因素,而性格外向(高分特征)和自我意识良好是保护因素。结论宁夏农村留守儿童行为问题发生率较高,影响因素较多,应从社会、家庭、个性塑造等方面着手进行预防。

Objective To understand the behavioral problems and related factors of left-behind children in rural areas of Ningxia . Methods A total of 2000 students were sampled by stratified randomly and cluster from the whole class of the southern rural areas in Ningxia.The general self-made questionnaire,Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran （EMBU）,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ Children）,Piers-Harri Children＇s Self-concept Scale（PHCSS）and Achenbach＇s Child behavior Checklist（CBCL parent version）were used to investigate the related factors .Results ①The overall detection rate of child behavior problems was 18.0%（343/1905）.The detection rate of left-behind children and non-left-behind children was 20.9%and 16.0%respectively,and the difference was significant between the two groups（χ2 =7.66,P=0.006）.The behavior problems of Han left behind and non-left-behind children were detected in 17.0%and 11.2%respectively,and there was significant difference between two groups （χ2 =6.64,P=0.010）.The detection rate of Muslim left-behind children behavioral problems （25.1%） was significantly higher than that of Han left-behind children（17.0%）（χ2 =7.51,P=0.006）.②Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parents working outside （OR=1.239）,Extraversion personality （OR=0.807）,Neurotic personality（OR=1.310）,father overprotection（OR=1.727）,mother refusing and denying（OR=1.561）and total score of self-awareness（OR=0.613）eventually entered the equation,which could be directly predicted the occurrence of psycholog-ical and behavioral problems .Emotional instability ,father overprotection ,mother refusing and denying ,and both parents working outside were risk factors ,whereas the extroversion （ high score features ） and good self-awareness were protective factors .Conclusion Left-behind children have higher incidence of behavioral problems in rural areas of Ningxia ,which has many influence factors .Measures should be taken from social ,family,character building and other aspects for prevention .