冬小麦西农979高产高效水氮组合研究及其效应分析

Investigation and analysis of the effect of water and nitrogen coupling on high yield and high efficiency in winter wheat Xinong 979

为了解强筋小麦西农979高产高效生产需水需肥规律，为其高产高效标准化栽培提供依据．在大田条件下，研究了冬小麦品种西农979在不同水氮耦合条件下小麦花后旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率的变化，灌水和氮肥利用率以及最终产量和产量构成要素的表现．结果表明，中水中氮（w2N2）和中水高氮（w2N３）水肥耦合有利于小麦花后维持较高的旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率．较长时间保持高叶绿素含量和高光合速率；在0～300kg·hm＾－２的施氮量范围内，小麦产量随着施氮量的增加而增加，氮肥效率表现出先增加后降低的规律；随着灌水量的增加，小麦产量先增加后降低，水分利用效率随着灌水量的增加而降低；本试验条件下，W２N３（灌水量为田间持水量60％＋300kg·hm＾－２“施氮量）处理产量最高，为8648．49kg·hm＾－２，w2N２处理（灌水量为田间持水量60％＋150kg·hm＾－２施氮量）产量为7944．14kg·hm＾－２，相比最高产降低8．87％，差异不显著，但w２N２处理下的氮肥农学效率最高，并且显著高于其他处理，因此，W２N２为本试验条件下最为高效的施肥灌水处理．

Experiments were conducted in order to study strong gluten Xinong 979＇ s water and fertilizer requirement rule to provide scientific basis for its standardized cultivation of high yield and high effi- ciency. Under field conditions, taking wheat cultivar Xinong 979 as the test material, we studied the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the change of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf after anthesis, and then the water and nitrogen use efficiency, yield and the performance of the components of winter wheat. The results of this experiment showed that, the treatments of W2N2 and W2 N3 had the advantage of maintaining high chlorophyll content and high rate with a longer time. The wheat yield increased with the increase of nitrogen supply on a scale of 0 -300 kg hm-2 nitrogen application range, with the nitrogen supply increasing, the N use efficiency first increased, thereafter re- duced. With the irrigation amount increasing, the grain yield first increased, thereafter reduced, the water use efficiency decreased with the irrigation amount increasing.