高血压、高同型半胱氨酸血症与血管性认知障碍

Correlational Study of Vascular Cognitive Impairment with Hypertension and Hyperhomocysteinemia

血管性认知障碍是认知疾病中的常见类型,通常认为导致卒中的血管性危险因素即是血管性认知障碍的危险因素,其中高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症不仅是卒中的独立危险因素,也是血管性认知障碍的重要危险因素。高血压引起血管性认知障碍主要通过小动脉内皮损害及脑内血管动脉硬化造成;而高同型半胱氨酸血症主要通过对血管损害作用、影响凝血纤溶过程和神经毒性导致。血管性认知障碍的高发病率、相对可干预性等特点决定了对其早期认识、早期发现的必要性。本文对高血压、高同型半胱氨酸血症与血管性认知障碍的关系进行了综述,以期为预防血管性痴呆提供依据。

Vascular cognitive impairment is a common type of cognitive disorders. It is generally thought that the vascular risk factor for stroke is a risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment. Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia are not only the independent risk factors in stroke, but also the important risk factors in vascular cognitive impairment. The vascular cognitive impairment caused by hypertension mainly through the damages of arteriolar endothelium and the sclerosis of blood vessels in cerebrum;but hyperhomocysteinemia mainly through the role of vascular damage, influencing cruor-fibrinolysis process and neurotoxicity. The vascular cognitive impairment can be intervened relatively and has a high incidence. These characteristics show the necessity of early understanding and detection. This article aims to summarize the correlation between vascular cognitive impairment with hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia and to provide evidences for the prevention of vascular dementia.