高速列车系统动力学空气弹簧建模方法研究

Modeling methods of air spring in system dynamics of a high-speed EMU

高速列车空气弹簧动力学模型主要分为三类:定刚度与定阻尼并联的线性模型、基于流体力学与气动力学原理的非线性模型以及考虑整体气动悬挂系统的完全模型。通过准静态动力学特性分析和高速动车组动力学模拟计算得出,非线性模型与完全模型具有相似的回滞曲线,线性模型具有较高的阻尼特性,但是在三种空气弹簧模型下计算出的车辆运行安全性指标具有较一致的结果。研究结果表明,在高速动车组动力学计算中,对于运行安全性指标,用空气弹簧线性模型即可满足工程要求;而对于平稳性指标,需要用非线性模型或完全模型进行建模,才能与实际更加接近;由于完全模型所需要确定的物理量较多,故在实际应用中建议采用非线性模型。

Dynamic models of a high-speed EMU＇s air spring are mainly sorted in three types including a linear model composed of a static stiffness spring and a damper in parallel,a non-linear model based on the hydromechanics and pneumatics theory and a complete model with a complete pneumatic suspension system.From the quasi-static behavior analysis of the three types of models and the vehicle system dynamic simulation of high-speed EMU,it was found that the non-linear model and the complete model possess the similar hysteretic curves and the linear model has a higher damping,but the vehicle running safety indexes calculated with the three models agree well.The study results indicated that in dynamic calculation of high-speed EMU,for the running safety index,the linear model can satisfy the engineering requirements ; but for the ride comfort index,it＇s better to use the non-linear model or the complete model to model an air spring to be closer to the actual situation ; as the physical parameters of the complete model are too many to be identified,the non-linear model is recommended for high-speed EMU dynamic calculation.