长白山森林/沼泽生态交错带群落和环境梯度分析

Analysis of environmental gradient and community of forest swamp ecotone in Changbai Mountains.

揭示了森林 沼泽过渡带群落的结构、生产力、植物多样性等群落梯度和交错带环境梯度的相关规律 ,并结合交错区环境梯度分析这些群落特征形成机制 ,为维持、保护与经营管理这一交错带生物资源提供了理论依据 .将长白山地区森林和高、中、低位沼泽所形成的三大类型过渡带作为研究对象 ,采用样带网格的调查方法 ,并应用系统软件分析方法建立了经验回归模型 ,研究了森林 /沼泽生态交错带群落的种类组成、群落建群种径级结构与年龄结构、植物多样性、群落生产力及其随生态交错带环境梯度变化趋势 .结果表明 ,森林 /沼泽生态交错带群落结构特征、植物多样性、群落生产力均随着交错带环境梯度的变化而呈现有规律的分布格局 .沿着沼泽至森林方向的交错区环境梯度 ,群落建群种发生更替现象 ;群落种类数目呈现指数递增趋势 ;群落的径级结构呈现双曲线分布规律性 ;年龄结构一般呈三次式分布规律 ;植物多样性呈二次式递增分布趋势 ;群落生物量均呈现三次式函数曲线递增趋势 。

This paper discussed the change pattern between environmental gradients and community structure, productivity and plant diversity of forest swamp ecotones, and the mechanism forming those community's traits,which could supply a theoretical basis for conserving and managing the biological resources of ecotonal communities.By setting up sample belts along the environmental gradients on three kinds of ecotones between forests and swamps in Changbai Mountains and through investigating initial data and establishing regression models,the authors studied the dynamic pattern of species composition,diameter class and age class of dominant species,plant diversity,community productivity of forest swamp ecotone communities with environmental gradients.The results showed that the distribution patterns of community structure characteristics,plant diversity and community productivity were consistent with the changes of environmental gradients of forest swamp ecotones.Along the environmental gradient from swamp to forest,the displace of dominant species happened,and the species number increased by positive exponent.The diameter distribution of trees decreased by inverse curve,and the age class of trees was suited to cubic distribution.The plant diversity increased by quadratic,and the community biomass increased by cubic power curve along the environmental gradients.The above mentioned results suggested that the relationships between communities and environmental gradients were closely related.