黑土长期施肥及养分循环再利用的作物产量及土壤肥力质量变化Ⅰ.作物产量

Changes of crop yields and soil fertility under long term application of fertilizer and recycled nutrients in manure on a black soil.

在一丰P黑土 (Olsen P 2 5 .8mg·kg-1)上进行 13年中长期田间试验的结果表明 ,氮肥平均增产率为2 7 5 % ,年增产粮食 (大豆、玉米、小麦混合 ) 72 4kg·hm-2 ,1kgN增产粮食 9.4kg ;磷肥前期增产不明显 ,13年平均增产率为 7% ,年增产粮食 2 41kg·hm-2 ,1kgP增产粮食 12 .7kg .每年施用循环回田猪圈肥 (以处理区收获产品的 80 %喂猪、垫圈经堆制而成 ) ,粮食平均年增产量在不施化肥、施N、施NP基础上 ,分别为 2 6 8、2 5 8、2 5 5kg·hm-2 ,相应的增产率为 9.8%、7.6 %和 7.0 % .试验期间循环回田猪圈肥的增产效果有逐渐增长趋势 。

The results from a field experiment over thirteen years on a black soil in Northeast China indicated that nitrogen fertilizer increased crop yields by 724kg·hm -2 per year on average,with an increase rate of 27.5% and about 9.4kg increased yield from 1kg applied N.In the early stage,the crop yields almost gave no response to phosphorus fertilizer,owing to the high level of soil available phosphorus at the begining of the experiment.The average increase of crop yields by phosphorus in thirteen years was only 241kg·hm -2 per year,with an increase rate of 7%,about 12.7kg increased yield from 1kg applied P.Annual application of recycled pig manure made by 80% of harvested grain fed to pigs and the stolks as bedding materials could increase crop yields by 268,258 and 255kg·hm -2 per year with an increase rate of 9.8%,7.6% and 7.0%,based on no fertilizer,with N and with P and N,respectively.There was a trend that the effect of recycled manure on crop yield was gradually increased during the period of experiment,implying the existence of accumulative residual effect from the manure.