黑河流域中游地区景观变化研究

Landscape change in middle Heihe River Basin.

使用GIS技术和景观结构分析软件FRAGSTATS ,分析了黑河流域中游地区近 2 0年间景观结构的变化 .结果表明 ,该地区的各类景观元素在近 2 0年间发生了十分复杂的结构变化和相互转换 ,但整体景观仍保持荒漠化景观与绿洲景观强烈分异的鲜明格局 .人类有目的性的干扰活动改变了干旱区有限的水资源的分布与分配 ,加剧了本地区荒漠化进程与绿洲化进程的对立斗争 ,而绿洲与荒漠的交错地带是斗争的最敏感部位 .香农多样性指数和香农均度指数的下降 ,充分证明人类对本地区景观改造程度的不断加强 .其结果一方面显著提高了本地区的社会和经济效益 ,另一方面也导致了局部地区生态环境效益的下降 .

Using GIS and a landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS,this paper dealt with the landscape change in the middle Heihe River Basin during the past 20 years.During the past 20 years,the landscape elements had a complex change of landscape structure and an apparent transition of landscape composition, but the landscape in a whole still displayed a pattern of sharply contrast between oasis landscape and desertification landscape.Human activities significantly changed the distribution and allocation of the limited water resource in the basin, leading to an acute contradiction between desertification and oasisfication.Moreover,the transitional area between desertification and oasisfication was very sensitive to these processes. The decrease of Shannon's diversity index and evenness index manifested the intensive management and reconstruction of landscape by human beings,which improved the socioeconomic benefits of the region on one hand, but decreased the landscape heterogeneity and landscape diversity,leading to the decrease of eco environmental benefits of some areas in the basin on the other hand.The research method and technology used in this paper were also discussed.