转基因作物对生物多样性的影响

Effect of transgenic crops on biodiversity

转基因作物对生物多样性的影响是重要的环境问题之一 ,近年来 ,已有这类实验的报道。夏敬源等的研究说明大田种植转基因 Bt抗虫棉花对棉铃虫优势寄生性天敌齿唇姬蜂 ( Campoletis chlorideae)和侧沟绿茧蜂 ( Microplitis sp.)的寄生率、羽化率和蜂茧质量造成严重的危害。国际上一些昆虫学家也做了很好的工作 ,尤其 1 999年 5月 Losey等在 Nature上发表转基因 Bt抗虫玉米在实验室水平上引起大斑蝶死亡报道后 ,世界范围内引起极大的反响。在有关经遗传修饰生物体 ( GMOs)的潜在生态风险和人体健康影响的问题上美国始终抱抵制的强硬态度 ,这次也开始有所松动。两个有影响的美国玉米加工公司宣布不再接受欧盟拒绝进口的转基因玉米品种。欧盟宣布在进一步研究得到结论前冻结转基因作物产品进口的审批。欧盟所属有关国家有的禁止进口 ,有的反对欧盟审批。科技界及公众众说纷纭。建议我国政府要加强 GMOs潜在生态风险及对公众健康的研究及商业化生产后的监测。

Effect of transgenic crops on biodiversity is one of important environmental issues Concerned experimental reports have been published recently It was reported by Xia Jingyuan et al that transgenic Bt cotton in field trial harms seriously the parasitic rate, emergence rate and quality of cocoon of Campoletis chlorideae and Microplitis sp ,and the dominant parasitic natural enemies of the larvae of bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) Results on convincible experiments were published by entomologists, especially Losey's et al results that transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae in his laboratory assay, published on Nature (399: 214, 20 May, 1999), caused strong repercussions worldwide The U S government hold uncompromising stand on the effect of GMOs on potential ecological risks and public health, started to become flexible USDA Secretary announced a new biotechnology advisory committee that will bring advice from a wide range of biotech stakeholders Two U S processing companies that represent nearly half of the U S corn processing market, announced that they will no longer accept transgenic corn varieties that are not approved by the EU EU announced on May 21, the next day after publishing of Losey′s paper, that it would freeze its approval pending further investigation UK recently announced it would wait 3 years before approving crops with built in Bt; Austria, Luxembourg and Norway have banned the corn in spite of EU approval; Greece voted against the EU approval Scientific and technological circles and the public opinions vary Related Ministries and Agencies in our country have to pay enough attention, especially to strengthen the studies on the effect of GMOs on the potential ecological risks and public health and the monitoring after release of GMOs in the commercialized scale